What is a Vessels Chine

In terms of boating, the chine is the area of a vessels hull where the bilge angles up to become the topsides of the hull. The hull is the watertight section of the vessel, above which is the deck and any other superstructure feature. The bilge is the lowest part of a vessel under the waterline.   Hard and Soft Chines A chine is described as being soft or hard depending on the measurement of the internal angle between the bilge to topside transition. A hard chine has a smaller interior angle than a soft chine. There are no absolute values for determining a soft or hard chine construction, but angles less than 135 degrees (90/2)90) are considered hard chines and angles greater than 135 degrees are considered soft chines.  A vessel with a 90-degree angle between bilge and topside has a very hard chine.   Types of Chines Here are a few examples of chine types. A V shape chine is constructed by connecting two flat panels at the bottom-most point of the vessel, creating a V shape. This is also called a single chine hull. While a simple construction, it is not the most stable. A 2 chine hull consists of a flat bottom and 90-degree angled sides on both sides. A hard chine model, a 2 chine hull vessel is very stable and features a large capacity for cargo.   One of the more common chine builds, a 3 chine hull features a very wide V shape extending from the keel. Then, over 90-degreed sides extend up from the  end of the V. Multi-Chine Hulls Multi-chine hulls are vessels 3 or more chines. Modern hulls on high-speed or rough water vessels might have multiple chine hulls. These can be seen on the hull near the bow. Multi-chine hulls allow the cross section of the hull that is exposed to the water to be reduced when the vessel is lifted because of the resistance of water in front of the hull. This is also known as planning hull. As a vessel is lifted, less of the hull contacts the water and it becomes laterally unstable. This instability allows a hull to pivot along its length to stabilize a high-speed turn. Multiple chines are also valuable on larger crafts that operate in rough conditions. The multiple chine hull eases the boat into an oncoming wave more slowly by absorbing the shock, as opposed to a  single flat surface which would transfer all of the wave energy to the hull at one time. Steps of the chine also suppress hull roll and heave by spreading out the impact of waves over a longer period of time.

Birth Rate - Definition in the Study of Sociology

Definition: Birth rate is the demographic measure of the rate at which children are born. The most well known is the crude birth rate, which is the number of births that occur each year per 1,000 people in the midyear population. It is called â€Å"crude† because it does not take into account the possible effects of age structure. If a population has an unusually large or small number of women in childbearing age, then the crude birth rate will tend to be relatively high or low regardless of the actual number of children a woman has. For this reason, age adjusted birth rates are preferred for making comparisons, either over time or between populations.

Technology, Transportation, And Communication - 1070 Words

We all have an idea of what the future may look like. Hovercraft vehicles, space travel as seen in the Star Wars series, and task driven robots living alongside us. All seemingly exciting advancements, nevertheless this â€Å"future† we imagine is still many years away. But what if it that was not the case? What if your future was today? People do not often realize how much the world changes around them as they are living their daily lives, but others are not that fortunate. Technology, transportation, and communication have all made immense progressions in the last couple decades, and we are able to adapt along the way. The problem is, what if we were not able to learn these things as the times changed? For many American prisoners, today can†¦show more content†¦Criminals are finding themselves trapped in the endless loop that is America’s prison system, a momentous change will need to occur if we ever want to break free from the cycle. In the article The Norwegian Prison Where Inmates are Treated Like People the author, Erwin James presents the idea of another country s prison system. Very different from the typical American view of the life of a convict, prisoners on this Norwegian island are treated with consideration and respect. Instead of being locked up like dogs, a small island called Bastoy offers convicts rehabilitation and a chance for a new start. Men accept one another and hold their position in society. By working and feeling what it is like to do their part in the community, prisoners are able to better fit into the world when they are released. Although locking people up and stripping them of their humanity may seem safer in the moment, it causing much for problems for everyone in the long run. Bastoy has proven itself successful with the lowest reoffending rate in all of Europe at just 16 percent (James). And while this system, of course, will not be effective on every convict, the select prisoners that go through this application and acceptance process would have a much better chance for restoration. Critics of fear that this system, in fact, would not be capable of havingShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On Society849 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever imagined a world without technology? Have you ever imagined not being able to watch your favorite television show, play video games, snapchat on your cell phone, surf the web, and finally, the capability to video chat with friends and family? Such a world seems so harsh and cruel and non-progressive right? These are key reasons why technology is positively important to society. Frankly, technology contains the key to success, survival, and most importantly, the key to innovation andRead MoreDependency on Technology in a Modern World1277 Words   |  5 PagesDependency on Technology in a Modern World Introduction Technology has virtually defined the human condition since the early stages in the species evolution. First there were rudimentary tools such as arrows and hammering utensils which allowed humans a far great range in manipulating their environment. Further developments such as fire, clothing, and shelter and so on changed the way humans lived and every aspect of their lives. 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John C. Calhoun the Starter of the Civil War free essay sample

It also unified the South as a section distinct from the rest of the nation. John C. Calhoun, the Souths recognized intellectual and political leader from the asses until his death in 1850, devoted much of his remarkable Intellectual energy to defending slavery. He developed a two-point defense. One was a political theory that the rights of a minority section in particular, the South needed special protecting in the federal union. The second was an argument that presented slavery as an institution that benefited all involved. John C.Calhoun commitment to those two points and his efforts to develop them to the fullest would assign him a unique role in American history as the moral, lattice, and spiritual voice of Southern separatism. Born in 1782 in upcountry South Carolina, Calhoun grew up during the boom in the areas cotton economy. The son of a successful farmer who served in public office, Calhoun went to New Haven, Connecticut, in 1801 to attend Yale College. We will write a custom essay sample on John C. Calhoun: the Starter of the Civil War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After graduating, he attended the Litchis Law School, also in Connecticut, and studied under Tapping Reeve, an outspoken supporter of a strong federal government.Seven years after Calhoun initial departure from South Carolina, he returned home, where he soon inherited his fathers substantial land and slave holdings and won election to the IS. S. Congress in 1810. Ironically, when Calhoun, the future champion of states rights and secession, arrived in Washington, he was an ardent federalist like his former law professor. He aligned himself with the federalist faction of the Republican Party led by Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky.He also became a prominent member of the partys War Hawk faction, which pushed President James Madison administration to fight the War of 181 2, the nations second war with Great Britain. When the fighting ended in 181 5, Calhoun championed a protective national tariff on imports; a measure he hoped loud foster both Southern and Northern industrial development. After the War of 1 812, Congress began to consider improving the young republics infrastructure. Calhoun enthusiastically supported plans to spend federal money, urging Congress to bind the Republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals.Let us conquer space . We are under the most imperious obligation to counteract every tendency to disunion. Calhoun left the legislature in 1817 to become President James Monomers secretary of war and dedicated himself to strengthening the nations military. He succeeded, purring revitalization of the U. S. Military Academy at West Point under the leadership of Superintendent Sylvan Thayer and improving the armys administrative structure with reforms that endured into the 20th century. If ever there was perfection carried into any branch of the public service, one federal official wrote, it was that which Mr. . Calhoun carried into the War Department. Calhoun success in improving the countys war-making capabilities came at the price of a stronger, less frugal federal government. Not everyone was pleased. His schemes are too grand and magnificent. A detractor in Congress wrote. If we had revenue of a hundred million, he would be at no loss how to spend it. (Wilts 1,944 Volvo. 1) Calhoun hoped to use his accomplishments as war secretary as a springboard to the presidency.That dream fell through, however, Calhoun had no problem accepting the vice presidency under staunch federalist John Quince Adams in 1824. Adams was glad to have Calhoun in his administration, having held him in high esteem since their days together in Monomers cabinet. Adams Was particularly impressed by Calhoun ardent patriotism, believing Calhoun was above all, well rounded. This was an image Calhoun cultivated during the 1824 election campaign. It turned out that Calhoun was late in publicly promoting his commitment to federalism. By this time, Southerners were increasingly taking an anti-federal-government stance. In the North, industry and the economy it created grew in influence and power every day. Meanwhile, the rapidly expanding cultivation of cotton and other cash crops were committing the South to an agrarian economy and culture, which depended on slavery. The country was dividing into two increasingly self-conscious sections with different priorities. Because of the Souths investment in large-scale agriculture, any attack on slavery was an attack on the Southern economy itself.In the 1 sass, Southerners grew increasingly anxious about the North controlling the federal government and about how that situation threatened the South and its distinctive institutions. They looked to leaders who would limit federal power. Calhoun unexpectedly found himself the target of sharp criticism from leading South Carolina figures, including Thomas Cooper, the president of the state college. In 1824, Cooper published a widely circulated pamphlet attacking Calhoun. He spends the money of the South to buy up influence in the North.If Calhoun wanted to maintain his status as a Southern leader and reach his political goals, he could not ignore the changing political landscape. He recognized it would be a mistake to maintain his association with Adams, whose ideas to expand the use of federal power to promote national economic, intellectual, and cultural development drew a cold reception in South Carolina. So when Andrew Jackson began preparing to challenge Adams in the 1828 presidential election, Calhoun switched sides. The Democrats rewarded Calhoun by making him their candidate for vice resident, and the ticket won. That same year, Congress passed a highly protective tariff that Southerners bitterly opposed, viewing the measure as sacrificing Southern agrarian interests to benefit Northern industry. The protest against the so-called Tariff of Abominations grew particularly strong in South Carolina, and in response to a request from the state legislature, Calhoun secretly wrote an essay titled South Carolina Exposition and Protest. In it, he asserted that states had a constitutional right to nullify any federal government actions they considered unconstitutional. Calhoun had become the chosen mouthpiece for Southern rights.Confirmation of his new status came when Congress adopted another high tariff in 1832 and South Carolina legislators used the principles Calhoun had voiced in his Exposition and Protest to declare the tariff null and void. To no ones surprise, Jackson refused to accept South Carolinas defiant stance, and the Nullification Crisis of 1 832 was born. By now, relations between Ja ckson and Calhoun were crumbling fast. Problems had been brewing well beforehand, but now, personal conflicts and Jacksons commitment to the supremacy of he national government made it impossible for the two men to work together.When it became clear that Calhoun chief cabinet rival, Martin Van Burner, was Jacksons choice to succeed him as president, Calhoun quit the administration. Calhoun protested he was an overextension of federal power. Jackson was no fan of the high tariff, either. But he was furious with Calhoun and considered his behavior treasonous. He loudly threatened to march down to South Carolina and personally hang Calhoun and his fellow nullifiers. Congress responded to the nullification by drafting the Force Bill, which authorized the president to use military power to compel South Carolina to comply with the tariff.