Flexible Workers Essay

The term adaptable working methods Flexible working’ is an expression that portrays any working example adjusted to suit laborers needs. Adaptability is The capacity of an association to adjust the size, piece, responsiveness and cost of the individuals inputs required to accomplish hierarchical destinations (Pilbeam and Corbridge, 2010). There are various types of adaptability which are numerical adaptability, useful adaptability, money related adaptability, locational adaptability and worldly adaptability. Numerical adaptability is the place managers can change the size of their workforce as their work necessities change. Practical adaptability is the capacity of an association to move workers to different obligations or duties inside the organization. Locational adaptability is that representatives can telecommute as opposed to going to the workplace. Sorts of transient adaptability are Part time working, home working, work Sharing, term time working, yearly Hours Zero hours, multi day fortnight/compacted hours. The table beneath shows that â€Å"Between 2006 and 2011 there was a general increment over all methods of adaptable working (Table 2). Teleworking (TN0910050S) saw the best ascent, being offered by 14% of bosses in 2006 and 59% in 2011. This echoes inclines in adaptable working saw in the UK just as the remainder of Europe (EU1101011D). The ubiquity of teleworking has been helped by upgrades in data correspondence advances (ICT) and its appeal to the littlest organizations (69% offer this type of adaptable working)†. (ewco 2011) Source: CBI/Harvey Nash (2011) â€Å"The Third Work-Life Balance Employer Survey found that most by far (92 percent) of managers would consider a solicitation to change a working example from any worker in spite of enactment just expecting businesses to do as such from certain representatives. Among those businesses where a solicitation had been made in the past a year, only nine percent said they had turned down any solicitations. The study revealed that businesses keep on holding prevalently uplifting mentalities towards work-life balance and to see its advantages for representatives and working environments the same, in spite of the fact that unmistakably most managers feel that the execution of adaptable working practices isn't in every case simple, and ought not be normal by representatives where it would make interruption the business (Family Friendly Working Hours Taskforce 2008). The Atkinson’s Flexible Firm Model is a strategy utilized by the chiefs of an organization to arrange the work place with the assistance of various types of adaptability to proficiently utilize its work power. The model depends on the rule of separating the work power into center and fringe gatherings. The center gathering comprises of laborers that are imperative to the organization, the work power is practically adaptable and are hard to supplant due to some exceptional aptitudes, information about an item or market and involvement with the field. The fringe bunch comprises of laborers who are numerically adaptable. This in view of the laborer in this gathering can be supplanted effectively, the gracefully in the process of giving birth showcase is high, they were just required for a particular assignment or they may be just required in the pinnacle time of a business. For a laborer it is smarter to be of the center than the outskirts as they would have professional stability, improved states of work and a superior compensation rate as they can't be supplanted without any problem. The model additionally shows how significant can the outer specialists be for the business. For instance sub contracted laborers like the cleaning staff of a carrier are not center piece of the organization yet they are significant in running of the business (oxford human asset the executives). As per BT Case study,† BT shows the intensity of adaptable functioning as it has adjusted the manner in which it oversees individuals and the manner in which they work to remain serious and responsive. The organization has what is accepted to be one of the biggest adaptable working undertakings in Europe †the BT Work style venture. Adaptable working is accessible to nearly everybody in BT, and BT now has more than 70,000 adaptable specialists ,from ranking directors to contact focus staff. At BT, adaptable working is the same old thing. Effectively seven out of 10 individuals work deftly and about 10% are locally situated. It has spared the organization millions regarding expanded profitability and cut expenses. It has likewise inspired our kin and discharged increasingly potential. † Sir Christopher Bland, Chairman, BT Group (BT gathering). Adaptable working the two addresses the issues of representatives and improves companies’ ability to serve clients †to advance correspondences, diminish reaction times, improve administration and backing, and add to the general client experience †and, in doing as such, it makes sure about upper hand. See figure 1 beneath This unmistakably shows BT has utilized adaptable working and increased a great deal from it, BT utilized compacted hours to extend engineers’ days which prompted significant level of occupation finish and consumer loyalty and specialists delighted into equal parts three day weekend seven days which makes inspiration among the representatives. : British gas has been utilizing adaptable working for quite a while and it has been their key component in business methodology. English gas offers its representatives various sorts of adaptable working which has empowered the organization to offer 24 hour administration for its clients. English gas adaptable working arrangements incorporate permitting college understudies to contemplate, letting individuals work longer or shorter hours, low maintenance and full-time jobs, adaptable hours to take into consideration childcare, and remote working and they likewise bolster home working for certain representatives. Advantages of offering adaptable working for British Gas are that they need to draw in and hold the best ability, paying little mind to foundation and obligations and they need a differing workforce that reflects network and client base. Offering adaptable working increments employee’s reliability the brand and gives a superior domain to work. English Gas has been picked as one of the Top 50 Great Places to Work for the third year running rising four spots to number 26 in the rundown (British Gas 2012). Imprints and spencer amended their working in February 2010 to give more prominent accentuation to the prerequisite for line chiefs to give all formal adaptable working solicitations due thought, and concur those solicitations that are useful to both organization and the representative. Imprints and spencer as of now bolsters these kinds of adaptable working, low maintenance working, work sharing, term-time working and home chipping away at low maintenance premise contingent upon the activity, adaptable retirement choices and profession surrender of over to nine unpaid months to consider. Imprints and spencer are focused on representative commitment and accept that adaptable working adds to their degrees of commitment. Different advantages incorporate fascination of the best ability, maintenance of our current ability, and efficiency over the business, inspiration to give incredible help expanded resolve. Every one of these elements lead to better quality help being offered to its clients. (Imprints and Spencer plc 2013). Accenture offers the accompanying adaptable working arrangements adaptable hours’ reconfiguration of existing hours over authoritative number of days, low maintenance working, and occupation sharing, home-empowered working time away approach: permitting representatives to take unpaid leave to seek after exercises outside of the workplace. The organization likewise utilizes various adaptable working courses of action at the same time, and any kind of adaptable working is accessible to each level f representatives. (CIPD 2012) Accenture has seven business motivations to make a progressively adaptable, strong workplace which are to draw in and hold a wide scope of capable individuals, to raise spirit and increment work fulfillment, to build profitability and improve business results to upgrade duty and commitment and to cut social insurance expenses and last to p ull in financial specialists. Over 80% of Accenture representatives state that accomplishing workâ€life balance is significant. Fifty-two percent of Accenture UK representatives additionally said they are as of now working deftly at Accenture and these 52% show expanded degrees of commitment (2013 Accenture). Organizations offer adaptability to its laborers as they are profited by it however there are some downsides too like a few bosses that offer adaptable working are doing it on made to order premise as opposed to making it general work practice, a representative that needs adaptable working can go to the business yet it is dependent upon the business to concur or oppose this idea. At the point when the business favors or objects the representatives demand it makes inward clash among workers. In the event that a representative thinks that its unreasonable that a few workers can work deftly and some can't, they feel that a few specialists are favored increasingly over them which makes struggle and it prompts de-roused laborers making the standard of work done by them be less effective. Despite the fact that organizations with strategic scheduling regularly use center hours to support cooperation, representatives that work conflicting calendars can't invest as much energy in a joint effort with colleagues as representatives that work that hours. Representatives may just have a couple of hours daily for this coordinated effort. In certain work environments, work group correspondence happens in a progressing and unconstrained style that is difficult to restrain to only a couple of hours. Strategic scheduling can hinder the pace of work group creation in light of this confined joint effort (Kokemuller 2013). The costs associated with overseeing adaptable are likewise high which confines private ventures to adjust it. Representatives won't be in work at specific occasions and along these lines it may not be appropriate for associations where ceaseless spread is fundamental. Another hindrance is that if the workplaces are open for a more extended period, it might prompt expanded expenses for lighting and warming. Following are the obstructions that organizations need to face to make an adaptable working condition for its utilize

Taj Mahal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Taj Mahal - Essay Example The image delineates the delightful landmark made of white marble, on the blue setting of the sky and the stream, underneath! The Taj Mahal was worked over a period extending sixteen years, from 1632 to 1648, by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, in the sweet recognition of his better half, Mumtaz Mahal. It is basically a catacomb, worked by the ruler, with affection for his significant other. From that point onward, it has been the cynosure of sightseers, draftsmen and students of history, the same. The principal striking component of this image is the generosity of this catacomb of adoration, differentiated against the smaller than normal structure of mankind! We can see the colossal smooth structure, against which the sightseers and guests look unnoticeable. This is the thing that the landmark conveys, with its excellence, which is a visual treat. The guests and visitors have articulations of amazement and miracle, on review this heavenly structure, which denies not to do magic on any individual who visits or perspectives it. Another striking element of this landmark is that the unadulterated white marble used to manufacture this landmark is intelligent of t

How to Write the Stanford Supplement 2018-2019 TKG

How to Write the Stanford Supplement 2018-2019 Stanford has become iconic for being hard to get into. It’s a great school, we know, but deciding to apply to Stanford is picking to fight an uphill battle. Last year, over 44,000 people applied. 2085 got in. The acceptance rate was 4.7%. That’s half of what it was just 10 years ago (2008 was 9.5%). The scores kids got in with? Pretty close to perfect.I think we’ve made our point that getting in isn’t anywhere near a shoe-in even if you have perfect scores, outstanding grades, and started a Fortune 500 company when you were in utero. You do have a secret weapon, though: a kickass supplement.While many schools have been shortening or even nixing their supplements to drive up applications and force their acceptance rate down, Stanford has kept their supplement, and kept it long.Ugh, we know, long supplements are annoying. But if you want to get into Stanford, this supplement should be your best friend. Afterall, in a sea of perfect scores, it’s your writing that’s going to get you in.What is the most significant challenge that society faces today? (50 word limit)Before even considering how to answer this question, please refer to the word limit. 50 words. That’s it. You don’t have the space to extrapolate on the dangers of shark die-offs. Take a big issue, and look small. Focus on something that is global in scope, but that impacts you or your community personally. If you want to write a few sentences on mass incarceration, you better have a family member in prison or live in a prison town. If you want to write about gun violence, it should be something that impacts your community. They know what is going on in the world, so they don’t need you to tell them that water usage in California is a big problem. What they want to see is where you fit into what you care about.Also, this explanation of how to answer is 3x longer than the word limit.  How did you spend your last two summers? (50 word limit)As you’ll come to learn, Stanford likes concise answers. This one is really straightforward so don’t complicate things. Keep it simple, don’t try to glorify yourself (volunteering only plays well if it’s local and on-going), and please leave out adjectives and adverbs designed to fluff up what should be simple.^This is 50 words if you want a visual.What historical moment or event do you wish you could have witnessed? (50 word limit)Geez! Stanford likes trying to trick people into being self-aggrandizing. What’s funny is that your answer to this doesn’t really matter, but whatever you say is the lens that they will view the rest of your application through. If you say the moment an isotope was isolated, that says something about you. If you say a major battle, that says something else about you. If you say a….well, you get the point.With that clear, don’t pick anything controversial or over-played. YES, we know the March on Washington is a crucial piece of history, but it’s going to be used in a lot of those 44K+ applications.What five words best describe you?If you’ve been reading our blog, you should already have a list of 15-20 words. If not, text friends, cousins, and siblings if you get along. Ask them how they would describe you, and pick the ones that resonate most. This is an answer best crowdsourced!When the choice is yours, what do you read, listen to, or watch? (50 word limit)This one is similar to when colleges ask you what your favorite books are (ahem, Columbia, for example), and it can quickly become a sticky swamp. You see, it’s very normal for people to feel self-conscious, or even a little embarrassed, about the media they consume â€" even when it’s completely normal. Don’t let this discomfort direct your answer. Don’t get uppity. And don’t try to be esoteric. If you say you read The Economist and fringe literary journals, that is going to come off as strange unless other places in your application confirm this.So look for a balance between ‘vanilla’ mainstr eam things and more complex pieces. You can, in fact, be accomplished and love the Real Housewives franchise (even Roxane Gay does!).Name one thing you are looking forward to experiencing at Stanford. (50 word limit)If you’re thinking: “I’m looking forward to a diverse community of thinkers!!”  Our response is: NO.Do not talk about the campus or the community generally for this one. You need to say something that is truly specific to Stanford, so get granular. Think of what program, track, or work you can only do there, then write that.Imagine you had an extra hour in the day â€" how would you spend that time? (50 word limit)We love this question because it is fun. We hate this question because it is a trap. Too many students see it and think: Aha! A place to reiterate that I work hard! They write about an extra hour of sleep, a nap, or more time to have fun because they work so darn hard.This is the wrong impulse. You should use this question to share something productive, but also actually interesting. Have you wanted to try some fringe hobby? Would you invest in an ice cream maker and start churning out treats? Take this opportunity to humanize yourself and have some fun in the process.The Stanford community is deeply curious and driven to learn in and out of the classroom. Reflect on an idea or experience that makes you genuinely excited about learning. (100 to 250 words)Have you thought about whether someone would want to grab coffee with you after reading your application? They should. They should feel like they know you, but also be curious to know more. Since you have 250 words here (and yes, you should use them all), this is a place to seed that curiosity. Have fun with it by telling an origin story. Go back, or even way back, into your educational history (either in the classroom or outside of it), and pull out a small and specific experience that implanted something in your mind that still drives you today.Show them who you are, and make the m want to know more.Virtually all of Stanford's undergraduates live on campus. Write a note to your future roommate that reveals something about you or that will help your roommate â€" and us â€" know you better. (100 to 250 words)We LOVE this prompt!!! Here’s your cheat sheet:Picture an actual person. What is your roommate like? What is their name? What do they look like? What music do they listen to? Do they snore? Do they get frustrated when you snore?Pick a quirk about yourself that isn’t concerning, but that is not what most would consider ‘normal’?Write a letter about your quirk to the person you already constructed. Yes, actually write a letter to them. “Dear Paul Frankfurter III,” etc., etc., etc.Tell us about something that is meaningful to you and why. (100 to 250 words)Whew! You’ve reached the end of the epically long Stanford supplement. Now you can have a little fun (if you weren’t already, which you should have been). This prompt is an amazing invitatio n for humor. You can write about something that is innately serious but don’t take yourself too seriously while doing so. Have fun, and play around. One of our writers told the story of carrying her grandmother’s casket at her funeral as a way of writing about family bonds and “sharing the weight” of the complicated things in life. A dark subject, yet somehow a hilarious piece.  Does this supplement seem absurdly long? We help students manage the mayhem.

What is a Vessels Chine

In terms of boating, the chine is the area of a vessels hull where the bilge angles up to become the topsides of the hull. The hull is the watertight section of the vessel, above which is the deck and any other superstructure feature. The bilge is the lowest part of a vessel under the waterline.   Hard and Soft Chines A chine is described as being soft or hard depending on the measurement of the internal angle between the bilge to topside transition. A hard chine has a smaller interior angle than a soft chine. There are no absolute values for determining a soft or hard chine construction, but angles less than 135 degrees (90/2)90) are considered hard chines and angles greater than 135 degrees are considered soft chines.  A vessel with a 90-degree angle between bilge and topside has a very hard chine.   Types of Chines Here are a few examples of chine types. A V shape chine is constructed by connecting two flat panels at the bottom-most point of the vessel, creating a V shape. This is also called a single chine hull. While a simple construction, it is not the most stable. A 2 chine hull consists of a flat bottom and 90-degree angled sides on both sides. A hard chine model, a 2 chine hull vessel is very stable and features a large capacity for cargo.   One of the more common chine builds, a 3 chine hull features a very wide V shape extending from the keel. Then, over 90-degreed sides extend up from the  end of the V. Multi-Chine Hulls Multi-chine hulls are vessels 3 or more chines. Modern hulls on high-speed or rough water vessels might have multiple chine hulls. These can be seen on the hull near the bow. Multi-chine hulls allow the cross section of the hull that is exposed to the water to be reduced when the vessel is lifted because of the resistance of water in front of the hull. This is also known as planning hull. As a vessel is lifted, less of the hull contacts the water and it becomes laterally unstable. This instability allows a hull to pivot along its length to stabilize a high-speed turn. Multiple chines are also valuable on larger crafts that operate in rough conditions. The multiple chine hull eases the boat into an oncoming wave more slowly by absorbing the shock, as opposed to a  single flat surface which would transfer all of the wave energy to the hull at one time. Steps of the chine also suppress hull roll and heave by spreading out the impact of waves over a longer period of time.

Birth Rate - Definition in the Study of Sociology

Definition: Birth rate is the demographic measure of the rate at which children are born. The most well known is the crude birth rate, which is the number of births that occur each year per 1,000 people in the midyear population. It is called â€Å"crude† because it does not take into account the possible effects of age structure. If a population has an unusually large or small number of women in childbearing age, then the crude birth rate will tend to be relatively high or low regardless of the actual number of children a woman has. For this reason, age adjusted birth rates are preferred for making comparisons, either over time or between populations.

Technology, Transportation, And Communication - 1070 Words

We all have an idea of what the future may look like. Hovercraft vehicles, space travel as seen in the Star Wars series, and task driven robots living alongside us. All seemingly exciting advancements, nevertheless this â€Å"future† we imagine is still many years away. But what if it that was not the case? What if your future was today? People do not often realize how much the world changes around them as they are living their daily lives, but others are not that fortunate. Technology, transportation, and communication have all made immense progressions in the last couple decades, and we are able to adapt along the way. The problem is, what if we were not able to learn these things as the times changed? For many American prisoners, today can†¦show more content†¦Criminals are finding themselves trapped in the endless loop that is America’s prison system, a momentous change will need to occur if we ever want to break free from the cycle. In the article The Norwegian Prison Where Inmates are Treated Like People the author, Erwin James presents the idea of another country s prison system. Very different from the typical American view of the life of a convict, prisoners on this Norwegian island are treated with consideration and respect. Instead of being locked up like dogs, a small island called Bastoy offers convicts rehabilitation and a chance for a new start. Men accept one another and hold their position in society. By working and feeling what it is like to do their part in the community, prisoners are able to better fit into the world when they are released. Although locking people up and stripping them of their humanity may seem safer in the moment, it causing much for problems for everyone in the long run. Bastoy has proven itself successful with the lowest reoffending rate in all of Europe at just 16 percent (James). And while this system, of course, will not be effective on every convict, the select prisoners that go through this application and acceptance process would have a much better chance for restoration. Critics of fear that this system, in fact, would not be capable of havingShow MoreRelatedTechnology And Its Impact On Society849 Words   |  4 PagesHave you ever imagined a world without technology? Have you ever imagined not being able to watch your favorite television show, play video games, snapchat on your cell phone, surf the web, and finally, the capability to video chat with friends and family? Such a world seems so harsh and cruel and non-progressive right? These are key reasons why technology is positively important to society. Frankly, technology contains the key to success, survival, and most importantly, the key to innovation andRead MoreDependency on Technology in a Modern World1277 Words   |  5 PagesDependency on Technology in a Modern World Introduction Technology has virtually defined the human condition since the early stages in the species evolution. First there were rudimentary tools such as arrows and hammering utensils which allowed humans a far great range in manipulating their environment. Further developments such as fire, clothing, and shelter and so on changed the way humans lived and every aspect of their lives. Todays societies have more advanced tools such as a laptopRead MoreSafe Travel Company: Development of E-Marketing Strategies965 Words   |  4 PagesField Work Experience and Thesis Abstract: Safe Travel Company is a public transportation company in Rockbridge County, Virginia that seeks to provide safe, reliable, affordable, premium-quality, and accessible public transport services to the community and region. The company is located in Lexington, Virginia and provides the services to customers regardless of kind of their destination such as work, doctors visits, shopping, or holidays. As a result of the services provided by the firm, theRead MoreEssay on Next Generation Air Transportation System1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe Future of the â€Å"Next Generation Air Transportation System† October 23, 2011 Tech 3020 By: Joel Borton The Future of the Next Generation Air Transportation System Since the Wright brother’s first flight over Kitty Hawk 108 years ago, the accomplishments of the human race in aerospace have been nothing short of miraculous. The United States aerospace and aviation industry has developed into a crucial element of the global infrastructureRead MoreThe Role Of Transportation And The Economic Health Of Cities And Its Impact On People1488 Words   |  6 Pagessmartphones and other new technologies is creating a reality that is arguably as exciting and almost as far-fetched. Experts agree that economic and demographic changes, technological advances and environmental concerns are fundamentally altering the transportation landscape. â€Å"It’s a very dynamic time,† said Robert Puentes, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution’s Metropolitan Policy Program thinktank. â€Å"There’s a focus on a tighter connection between the role of transportation and the economic healthRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Our Society1168 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of New Technology New technology has dramatically changed over the years and has become  well integrated with humans and their everyday lives. Originally in the 1900s technology was  created and used to solve specific problems throughout life. Since the 1900s era, technology has rapidly increased across the nation investing new ways to communicate, new ways for transportation and educational methods.  Although there are numerous beneficial effects that technology has exposed to societyRead MoreTechnology Is The Hard Bringer Of Destruction1226 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I think of technology, I often categorize technology into beneficial, harmful or as both Technology sometimes carries the negative stigma that technology is the hard bringer of destruction, an ideal perpetuated by dystopian sci-fi movies (look at Terminator and the development of Weapon of Mass Destruction). Perhaps, that will one day become a reality, when AI (Aritificial Intelligence) becomes way too sophisticated to be controll ed by our feeble human mind. However, today I am not talking aboutRead MoreAmericas Development1272 Words   |  5 Pages(Development of the Railroad Monopoly, n.d.). These businessmen were attracted to this new form of transportation by considering it as an opportunity to acquire more wealth through exploitation of unused resources of the West. Secondly, the developing railroads in this period acted as an opportunity for the development and growth of other big industries. Generally, the material needs of this new form of transportation created numerous other big industries like machine tools, copper, oil, iron, glass, and steelRead MoreModern Technology Is Simply An Advancement Of Old Technology,1231 Words   |  5 PagesModern technology is simply an advancement of old technology, the impact of technology in modern life is unmeasurable, we use technology in different ways and sometimes the way we implement various technologies ends up harming our lives or the society we leave in. What we call modern technology is technically not so new in most cases. For example, mobile phone technology has evolved with years, nowadays we use smartphones which have been an advancement of an ordinary mobile phone. Technology is appliedRead MoreThe Odyssey : An Adventure Of Obstacles And Conflicts1568 Words   |  7 Pageswasn’t always like that. This technology hasn’t existed until very recently in time. Since the start of humanity, our goals have been to evolve our ways of living. How far has this strive for intelligence reached? In the ancient story of Homer’s The Odyssey, the hero Odysseus travels from Troy to Ithica through an adventure of obstacles and strife. Since the setting takes place thousands of years ago, much of the technology is outdated and obsolete. The Odyssey’s technology is more underdeveloped than

John C. Calhoun the Starter of the Civil War free essay sample

It also unified the South as a section distinct from the rest of the nation. John C. Calhoun, the Souths recognized intellectual and political leader from the asses until his death in 1850, devoted much of his remarkable Intellectual energy to defending slavery. He developed a two-point defense. One was a political theory that the rights of a minority section in particular, the South needed special protecting in the federal union. The second was an argument that presented slavery as an institution that benefited all involved. John C.Calhoun commitment to those two points and his efforts to develop them to the fullest would assign him a unique role in American history as the moral, lattice, and spiritual voice of Southern separatism. Born in 1782 in upcountry South Carolina, Calhoun grew up during the boom in the areas cotton economy. The son of a successful farmer who served in public office, Calhoun went to New Haven, Connecticut, in 1801 to attend Yale College. We will write a custom essay sample on John C. Calhoun: the Starter of the Civil War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After graduating, he attended the Litchis Law School, also in Connecticut, and studied under Tapping Reeve, an outspoken supporter of a strong federal government.Seven years after Calhoun initial departure from South Carolina, he returned home, where he soon inherited his fathers substantial land and slave holdings and won election to the IS. S. Congress in 1810. Ironically, when Calhoun, the future champion of states rights and secession, arrived in Washington, he was an ardent federalist like his former law professor. He aligned himself with the federalist faction of the Republican Party led by Speaker of the House Henry Clay of Kentucky.He also became a prominent member of the partys War Hawk faction, which pushed President James Madison administration to fight the War of 181 2, the nations second war with Great Britain. When the fighting ended in 181 5, Calhoun championed a protective national tariff on imports; a measure he hoped loud foster both Southern and Northern industrial development. After the War of 1 812, Congress began to consider improving the young republics infrastructure. Calhoun enthusiastically supported plans to spend federal money, urging Congress to bind the Republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals.Let us conquer space . We are under the most imperious obligation to counteract every tendency to disunion. Calhoun left the legislature in 1817 to become President James Monomers secretary of war and dedicated himself to strengthening the nations military. He succeeded, purring revitalization of the U. S. Military Academy at West Point under the leadership of Superintendent Sylvan Thayer and improving the armys administrative structure with reforms that endured into the 20th century. If ever there was perfection carried into any branch of the public service, one federal official wrote, it was that which Mr. . Calhoun carried into the War Department. Calhoun success in improving the countys war-making capabilities came at the price of a stronger, less frugal federal government. Not everyone was pleased. His schemes are too grand and magnificent. A detractor in Congress wrote. If we had revenue of a hundred million, he would be at no loss how to spend it. (Wilts 1,944 Volvo. 1) Calhoun hoped to use his accomplishments as war secretary as a springboard to the presidency.That dream fell through, however, Calhoun had no problem accepting the vice presidency under staunch federalist John Quince Adams in 1824. Adams was glad to have Calhoun in his administration, having held him in high esteem since their days together in Monomers cabinet. Adams Was particularly impressed by Calhoun ardent patriotism, believing Calhoun was above all, well rounded. This was an image Calhoun cultivated during the 1824 election campaign. It turned out that Calhoun was late in publicly promoting his commitment to federalism. By this time, Southerners were increasingly taking an anti-federal-government stance. In the North, industry and the economy it created grew in influence and power every day. Meanwhile, the rapidly expanding cultivation of cotton and other cash crops were committing the South to an agrarian economy and culture, which depended on slavery. The country was dividing into two increasingly self-conscious sections with different priorities. Because of the Souths investment in large-scale agriculture, any attack on slavery was an attack on the Southern economy itself.In the 1 sass, Southerners grew increasingly anxious about the North controlling the federal government and about how that situation threatened the South and its distinctive institutions. They looked to leaders who would limit federal power. Calhoun unexpectedly found himself the target of sharp criticism from leading South Carolina figures, including Thomas Cooper, the president of the state college. In 1824, Cooper published a widely circulated pamphlet attacking Calhoun. He spends the money of the South to buy up influence in the North.If Calhoun wanted to maintain his status as a Southern leader and reach his political goals, he could not ignore the changing political landscape. He recognized it would be a mistake to maintain his association with Adams, whose ideas to expand the use of federal power to promote national economic, intellectual, and cultural development drew a cold reception in South Carolina. So when Andrew Jackson began preparing to challenge Adams in the 1828 presidential election, Calhoun switched sides. The Democrats rewarded Calhoun by making him their candidate for vice resident, and the ticket won. That same year, Congress passed a highly protective tariff that Southerners bitterly opposed, viewing the measure as sacrificing Southern agrarian interests to benefit Northern industry. The protest against the so-called Tariff of Abominations grew particularly strong in South Carolina, and in response to a request from the state legislature, Calhoun secretly wrote an essay titled South Carolina Exposition and Protest. In it, he asserted that states had a constitutional right to nullify any federal government actions they considered unconstitutional. Calhoun had become the chosen mouthpiece for Southern rights.Confirmation of his new status came when Congress adopted another high tariff in 1832 and South Carolina legislators used the principles Calhoun had voiced in his Exposition and Protest to declare the tariff null and void. To no ones surprise, Jackson refused to accept South Carolinas defiant stance, and the Nullification Crisis of 1 832 was born. By now, relations between Ja ckson and Calhoun were crumbling fast. Problems had been brewing well beforehand, but now, personal conflicts and Jacksons commitment to the supremacy of he national government made it impossible for the two men to work together.When it became clear that Calhoun chief cabinet rival, Martin Van Burner, was Jacksons choice to succeed him as president, Calhoun quit the administration. Calhoun protested he was an overextension of federal power. Jackson was no fan of the high tariff, either. But he was furious with Calhoun and considered his behavior treasonous. He loudly threatened to march down to South Carolina and personally hang Calhoun and his fellow nullifiers. Congress responded to the nullification by drafting the Force Bill, which authorized the president to use military power to compel South Carolina to comply with the tariff.